3.7+Cell+respiration

3 Chemistry of Life - 3.1 Chemical elements and water - 3.2 Carbohydrates, proteins and lipids - 3.3 DNA structure - 3.4 DNA replication - 3.5 Transcription and translation - 3.6 Enzymes - 3.7 Cell respiration - 3.8 Photosynthesis - Biochemistry Labs - DNA Labs

3.7 //(and 8.1)// Respiration
This topic is talked about in sufficient detail in the i-Biology notes that 8.1/C3 is covered by them. This page is also structured that AHL8.1/C3 content is shown here too. // HL content is in marked in italics. SL students take note of the comments: you might find the extra information useful and helpful, but it is additional to the content you are expected to know and will be examined on. //

Can you remember the functions of life as defined by the Diploma Programme (these were discussed in Cell Theory)? Which ones required energy?
 * Starters**

Which What is respiration and ATP: a high speed intro from Hank. media type="custom" key="24876312"


 * Assessment statements** (IBO notes added to some points to clearly indicate what needs to be understood and what does not)
 * 3.7.1 || Define cell respiration. ||
 * 3.7.2 || State that, in cell respiration, glucose in the cytoplasm is broken down by glycolysis into pyruvate, with a small yield of ATP. ||
 * 3.7.3 || Explain that, during anaerobic cell respiration, pyruvate can be converted in the cytoplasm into lactate, or ethanol and carbon dioxide, with no further yield of ATP. Mention that ethanol and carbon dioxide are produced in yeast, whereas lactate is produced in humans. ||
 * 3.7.4 || Explain that, during aerobic cell respiration, pyruvate can be broken down in the mitochondrion into carbon dioxide and water with a large yield of ATP. ||

//AHL 8.1/C3//
 * //8.1.1// || //State that oxidation involves the loss of electrons from an element, whereas reduction involves a gain of electrons; and that oxidation frequently involves gaining oxygen or losing hydrogen, whereas reduction frequently involves losing oxygen or gaining hydrogen.// ||
 * //8.1.2// || //Outline the process of glycolysis, including phosphorylation, lysis, oxidation and ATP formation. In the cytoplasm, one hexose sugar is converted into two three-carbon atom compounds (pyruvate) with a net gain of two ATP and two NADH + H+.// ||
 * //8.1.3// || //Draw and label a diagram showing the structure of a mitochondrion as seen in electron micrographs.// ||
 * //8.1.4// || //Explain aerobic respiration, including the link reaction, the Krebs cycle, the role of NADH + H+, the electron transport chain and the role of oxygen.// ||
 * //8.1.5// || //Explain oxidative phosphorylation in terms of chemiosmosis.// ||
 * //8.1.6// || //Explain the relationship between the structure of the mitochondrion and its function. Limit this to cristae forming a large surface area for the electron transport chain, the small space between inner and outer membranes for accumulation of protons, and the fluid matrix containing enzymes of the Krebs cycle.// ||


 * Definitions**
 * Cell respiration is the controlled release of energy from organic compounds in cells to form ATP.

Log in to the [|DCS Bridge] to obtain your workbooks and supporting resources for [|SL] //and additionally here for [|HL]//
 * Workbooks and Worksheets **

An alternative set of notes from i-Biology can be found here for SL //and additionally here for HL// media type="custom" key="23823654"

Steven Taylor ( [|i-Biology] ) has a great presentations to view and take notes from before starting your notebook. media type="custom" key="23823656"
 * Presentations and tutorials **

//and additionally for HL// media type="custom" key="23823658"

Handwritten tutorials has a series of videos on respiration starting here with the overview (click on the playlist to see them all) media type="custom" key="24681652"

The khan academy has good relevant video tutorials well pitched for DP students for SL on:
 * [|ATP]
 * [|Introduction to Cellular Respiration]

//Additionally for HL on://
 * //[|Oxidation and Reduction Review From Biological Point-of-View]//
 * //[|Oxidation and Reduction in Cellular Respiration]//
 * //[|Glycolysis]//
 * //[|Krebs / Citric Acid Cycle]//
 * //[|Electron Transport Chain]//

[|Biocoach] has a good tutorial covers both SL and HL aspects

//For HL Students// //Cellular Respiration from Sumanas Inc. is a good tutorial and it breaks down the learning neatly into glycolysis, Krebs cycle and electron transport//

A good overview of Glycolysis for SL students from [|Cornell Uni] (it also shows the generation of lactate)

//A great step-by-step illustration of the process of glycolysis for HL students from [|Northland college] - recommended//

//For HL students National Louis University has a good graphics and text to help produce notes on the different stages of [|aerobic respiration] and [|chemiosmosis]//

//For HL Students this McGraw and Hill animated video pitches the [|Electron Transport System] (aka Chain) at a good level for DP//

//Wiley animations and tutorials are suitable for HL students has animated guides covering://
 * //[|Glycolysis] (you don't need to know the names of the different enzymes, but it is a good illustration that it is a metabolic pathway and it shows the structure of the different compounds and how they change at each step)//
 * //[|Citric acid (Krebs) cycle] (a good interactive animation breaking down Krebs cycle in an accesible way)//
 * //[|Oxidative phosphorylation] (a good overview, but don't get stuck in the detail of the Electron Transport Chain, you only need to understand the overview)//

//John Kyrk animations are suitable for HL students and can be used more effectively to build upon a foundation of knowledge gained from SL://
 * //[|Glycolysis]//
 * //[|Krebs Cycle]//
 * //[|Mitochondria/Electron Transport] (a great explanation, but just like Wiley above remember you only need an overview, not a detailed understanding of the role of the the different complexes)//

//HL students can use the teaching and visualization animation from St Olaf to gain an overview of mitochondrial electron transport//

//[|This animation from Queensborough Community College] brings together nicely the different aspects of respiration in a visual way, it's not animated, but watching and annotating it will further understanding for HL students//

Use [|click4biology] to review and complete your notes on [|3.7 (SL)] //and additionally [|8.1 for (HL)]//


 * Approach **

> a. Pick either odd or even statements to become an expert in (half the class will be even and half odd). Choose which of the above resources you wish to use for this purpose, DO NOT USE JUST ONE SOURCE. > b. You will later teach your statements to two other students, and in turn learn from two others students. > c. Produce your own set of notes against each assessment objective (agree as a class which set of notes, if any, you will use as a framework) > - [|Biocoach] has an online lab you can look at - [|Biology Experiments] by D G McKean may give you ideas > - [|Using Vernier Dataloggers when studying cellular respiration] > - Don't forget to use your imagination > a. for each assessment statement annotate to show links with previous topics > b. why is learning about respiration important? > c. athletes need an understanding of the process of respiration, why?
 * 1) Discuss with a partner why we have studied cells, carbs, lipids, proteins, enzymes and transcription & translation before respiration. Give a reason for each and record your answer in a document - this will form the first part of your notes.
 * 2) Look at the assessment statements for 3.7 //and additionally 8.1 for HL//.
 * 1) You may choose to do two short practicals (basic diagnostic experiments, no lab reports required) on an aspect of respiration of your choice. Consult with the teacher when necessary for help on equipment you can use and methods, and amounts. If you are stuck for ideas consider
 * 1) **Extend yourself**, consider the following questions and activities:
 * 1) As a class discuss the objectives and what you should have achieved for each.
 * 2) Summarise your learning by producing a diagram to show everything you have learnt about respiration. Pass your diagram to others for amendment. When the original returns to you use any information you have gained to amend your notes.
 * 3) //Extension (AHL): Watch this BioVisions animation of the mitochondria. How many of the processes can you now identify? Watch take notes and develop a commentary.//


 * Activity suggestions**

With books closed complete the concept map to check your learning. Then move around the room and see what other groups have done. Correct your own and discuss as a class why you've made your decisions. This activity uses SL knowledge, but is still valuable for HL students. Make sure you add the completed map to your workbooks and notes for respiration. media type="custom" key="24953410"