c)+Cycles+within+ecosystems

Section 4- Ecology and the environment - a) The organism and the environment - b) Feeding relationships - c) Cycles within ecosystems - d) Human influences on the environment

4c) Cycles within ecosystems
Water out the tap where did it come from? One person to answer. Once answered successfully the person who answered now asks another person where the water came from before. Keeping repeating the process.
 * Starter**

Read this article from Scientific American about how the water cycle has an impact upon the ecology of Amazonian rainforest and that impact changing. Discuss what you have learned in class.

4.8 describe the stages in the water cycle, including evaporation, transpiration, condensation and precipitation 4.9 describe the stages in the carbon cycle, including respiration, photosynthesis, decomposition and combustion 4.10 describe the stages in the nitrogen cycle, including the roles of nitrogen fixing bacteria, decomposers, nitrifying bacteria and denitrifying bacteria //(specific names of bacteria are not required)//.
 * Learning outcomes (s//tudents will be assessed on their ability to)://**

You will be building your own notes for this topic. Create a blank document. Copy and paste in the underlined section titles. Complete the tasks as outlined to build up your notes.
 * Approach**

__4.8 describe the stages in the water cycle, including evaporation, transpiration, condensation and precipitation.__
 * 1) Use the click4biology video below and take notes
 * 2) Use your notes to sketch a diagram of the watercycle
 * 3) Make sure all the key terms listed above are annotated on your diagram
 * 4) Scan in your diagram and add it to your document

__4.9 describe the stages in the carbon cycle, including respiration, photosynthesis, decomposition and combustion.__ > > - respiration > - photosynthesis > - combustion > - decomposition > > e.g. **Respiration** converts carbon stored in **__all__ organisms** in the form of **organic molecules** into **carbon dioxide** in the **atmosphere** > > //n.b. sink is a place/organism where the carbon is found.// > > //o// Look at examples of carbon cycles (textbooks, web etc.) to get an idea of what a carbon cycle looks like. > > //o// The following 'things' should be the boxes in your carbon cycle (I suggest you write them out on small pieces of paper): //- Atmosphere// > //-////Producers (e.g. plants)// > //-////Consumers (e.g. animals)// > //-////Decomposers// > //-////Detritus (dead organic matter and waste)// > //-////Fossil Fuels// > //-////Oceans// > > //o// Arrange your boxes and link them together with arrows. Each arrow should be labelled with one of the below: - diffusion > - consuming (eating) > - respiration > - photosynthesis > - combustion > - death > - fossilation > //n.b. some processes will need to be used repeatedly in your cycle// > > > //__Summary of the Carbon Cycle__// > //In the atmosphere carbon is in the form of a gas called 1.// > > //Green plants are the only living organisms which can convert this gas into an organic compound. They do this by the process of 2, which produces 3 and oxygen. The oxygen is released back out into the atmosphere.// > > //The 3 is stored in plants in the form of starch and can be transferred to animals through 4. Animals need the 3 for the important process of 5, which will release the 1 back into the atmosphere.// > > //All plants and animals will eventually die and be broken down by fungi and bacteria which are 6. As plants and 6 are living organisms they also carry out the process of 7, which releases 1 back into the atmosphere.// > > //8 is the process by which dead vegetation from millions of years ago formed 9 such as oil, coal, peat and gas. During 10, the 9 are burnt and release 1 into the atmosphere.//
 * 1) Use the click4biology video and/or the below resources to develop rough notes and an understanding to help with the following tasks.
 * 1) For each of the following processes turn it into a statement in the form of "[process] converts carbon stored in [starting sink] in the form of [compound/form] into [new compound/form] in [new sink]":
 * 1) Using the click4biology video and/or the below resources construct a carbon cycle. The rules for your cycles are:
 * 1) Check your answer with the teacher, then scan in your checked and completed cycle.
 * 1) Self test - now attempt the gap-fill without the help of any resources. There are 10, numbered, missing key words When you can't complete any more work with another student (or two) and cross-reference your answers. Once complete check your answers with the teacher.
 * 1) Add all the completed work to your notes.

Resources for the carbon cycle
 * [|EPA's] animated carbon cycle
 * An animation from W H Freeman
 * [|Simple animation] of the carbon cycle from KScience
 * S-cool's [|'cycling through nature'] covers both the carbon and nitrogen cycles
 * Brainpop has a [|short movie on the carbon cycle]

__4.10 describe the stages in the nitrogen cycle, including the roles of__ __nitrogen fixing bacteria, decomposers, nitrifying bacteria and denitrifying bacteria //(specific names of bacteria are not required)//.__ > > media type="custom" key="27808021" > //n.b. arrows do display properly on the downloaded word document// [|download pdf version here] > > //__Summary of the Nitrogen Cycle__// > //In the atmosphere 1 is the most abundant gas but plants cannot absorb it in this form. In order for plants to take 1. in it must be in the form of 2 .// > > //There are four ways in which 2 can be added to the soil:// > //o The farmer may add 3 .// > //o Naturally in the atmosphere when 4 strikes.// > //o In the soil by 5 bacteria.// > //o Some plants such as clover and peas are called 6. They contain 5 bacteria in swellings within their roots called 7.// > > //Plants absorb the 2 from the soil and use them to make 8. Animals then 9 on plants obtaining the 8. Eventually all living things will die and be broken down by 10. The proteins in plants and animals are broken down to ammonia and then nitrates by 11 bacteria.// > > //Unfortunately for farmers there is also a type of bacteria which can convert 2 back into 1, they are called 12 bacteria. This type of bacteria are often found in waterlogged soil which lack oxygen, farmers can plough their fields to help aerate them.// >
 * 1) Collate notes on the roles of the different types of bacteria and decomposers in the nitrogen cycle. Use the links below and the click4biology video. Write a seperate paragraph/sentence for each: nitrogen fixing bacteria, decomposers, nitrifying bacteria and denitrifying bacteria.
 * 1) Build a nitrogen cycle diagram. Use the framework below and fill in the gaps.
 * 1) Self test - now attempt the gap-fill without the help of any resources. There are 12, numbered, missing key words When you can't complete any more work with another student (or two) and cross-reference your answers. Once complete check your answers with the teacher.
 * 1) Add all the complete tasks to your notes.

Resources for the nitrogen cycle
 * The [|classzone tutorial] is visual and easy to understand, but lack some key terms.
 * Nitrogen cycle animated tutorial and quiz by cengage
 * Nitrogen cycle animation by Sinauer
 * S-cool's [|'cycling through nature'] covers both the carbon and nitrogen cycles
 * Nitrogen cycle animation by PBS

__Summary/Extension__: Compare the three cycles using a table of your design. See how many similarities and differences you can find

These video tutorials from [|Click4Biology]address each learning outcome. It's recommended that you use them both as part of your learning and your revision. Download links are provided for those who have trouble accessing Youtube.
 * Additional resources**

4.8 Water cycle [|download] media type="custom" key="23675296"

4.9 Carbon cycle [|download] media type="custom" key="23675298"

4.10 Nitrogen cycle [|download] media type="custom" key="23675300"