a)+The+organism+and+the+environment

Section 4- Ecology and the environment a) The organism and the environment - b) Feeding relationships - c) Cycles within ecosystems - d) Human influences on the environment

You've heard of an Ecosystem. What is it made from? What does it contain? Describe the best you can using key words.
 * Starter**

4.1 understand the terms population, community, habitat and ecosystem 4.2 explain how quadrats can be used to estimate the population size of an organism in two different areas 4.3 explain how quadrats can be used to sample the distribution of organisms in their habitats.
 * Learning outcomes (s//tudents will be assessed on their ability to)://**

Create a workbook/notes document with the following underlined sections. Use the instructions under each to complete each section.
 * Approach**

__4.1 understand the terms population, community, habitat and ecosystem__ > Population - Total number of organisms of same species, in same area at same time > Community - All the different populations in a given area interacting together > Habitat - Place where an organism lives > Ecosystem - All the biotic (living) and abiotic (non-living) interactions in an area. It consists of the community in its environment. > > > media type="custom" key="27835723" >
 * 1) Below you are given some basic definitions add them to your notes (amend them to make them easier to understand if necessary):
 * 1) Under each definition add two examples, e.g. under //population// you might write //"rabbits in a meadow"//
 * 1) Add the below venn diagram to your document and put the rest of the labels in the appropriate circles to show the different levels of organisation.

__4.2 explain how quadrats can be used to estimate the population size of an organism in two different areas__
 * Watch the click4biology video 4.2
 * Whilst watching take notes and make diagrams as appropriate
 * Add screenshots or images from the web to help make your notes clearer

__4.3 explain how quadrats can be used to sample the distribution of organisms in their habitats.__ > media type="custom" key="27835725" > > 1. Cut a 5cm by 5cm hole in a sheet of A4 paper - this will be your quadrat (n.b. your quadrat is 0.0025m2) > 2. Use [|random.org] to create 5 random numbers between 0 and 80 - these will be the number of steps away from the school building (i.e. your x coordinates). > 3. Use [|random.org]to create 5 random numbers between 0 and 60 - these will be number of steps parallel with the school building (i.e. your y coordinates). > 4. Place your quadrat at the first x-y coordinate. Count and record the total blades of grass in the quadrat. > 5. Return to the specified starting point and repeat step 4 for the remaining coordinates. > 6. Calculate the total numbers of blades in the school field assuming the field is 130m by 110m. > 7. Extension: gather 10 blades of grass and calculate the mean biomass of a single blade. Now estimate the total biomass of grass on the school field. >
 * Add the below sample calculation to your notes
 * Watch the click4biology video 4.3 if you are not sure how to follow the steps
 * Use the method estimate the number of grass blades on the school field by the following steps:
 * Evaluation - as a class discussion problems with the sampling method. What could be done to make this estimate more accurate and reliable

These video tutorials from [|Click4Biology]address each learning outcome. It's recommended that you use them both as part of your learning and your revision. Download links are provided for those who have trouble accessing Youtube.
 * Additional resources**

4.1 Ecosystems [|download] media type="custom" key="23889940"

4.2 Quadrats [|download] media type="custom" key="23889938"

4.3 Quadrat sampling [|download] media type="custom" key="23889936"