j)+Coordination+and+response+(humans)

Section 2- Structures and functions in living organisms a) Levels of organisation - b) Cell structure - c) Biological molecules - d) Movement of substances - e) Human Nutrition - e) Plant Nutrition - f) Respiration - g) Gas exchange (Humans) - g) Gas exchange (Plants) - h) Transport (Humans) -h) Transport (Plants) - i) Excretion - j) Coordination and response (Humans) - j) Coordination and response (Plants)

2j) Coordination and response (Humans)

 * Learning outcomes (s//tudents will be assessed on their ability to)//**
 * 2.77 || understand that organisms are able to respond to changes in their environment ||
 * 2.78 || understand that homeostasis is the maintenance of a constant internal environment and that body water content and body temperature are both examples of homeostasis ||
 * 2.79 || understand that a coordinated response requires a stimulus, a receptor and an effector ||


 * || Humans ||
 * 2.83 || describe how responses can be controlled by nervous or by hormonal communication and understand the differences between the two systems ||
 * 2.84 || understand that the central nervous system consists of the brain and spinal cord and is linked to sense organs by nerves ||
 * 2.85 || understand that stimulation of receptors in the sense organs sends electrical impulses along nerves into and out of the central nervous system, resulting in rapid responses ||
 * 2.86 || describe the structure and functioning of a simple reflex arc illustrated by the withdrawal of a finger from a hot object ||
 * 2.87 || describe the structure and function of the eye as a receptor ||
 * 2.88 || understand the function of the eye in focusing near and distant objects, and in responding to changes in light intensity ||
 * 2.89 || describe the role of the skin in temperature regulation, with reference to sweating, vasoconstriction and vasodilation ||
 * 2.90 || understand the sources, roles and effects of the following hormones: ADH, adrenaline, insulin, testosterone, progesterone and oestrogen. ||


 * Starter**
 * Interesting and unsual animal responses to stimuli - you have 5 mins to research before sharing with the class. For example he mimic octopus pretends to be a poisonous animal in response to seeing a predator. Click on the image to find out more about mimics.


 * Why is it important to feel pain? Read and discuss this article.

Use the BioK notes outline below to help you build notes for this topic. media type="custom" key="27838565"
 * Approach **

Coordination in general and nervous specifically p64 - 75 Hormones specifically p79 - 81 Homeostasis, ADH and temperature control p83 - 93
 * Greenbook (Edexcel IGCSE Biology) References **

Really good interactive tutorials from ABPI on homeostatic control of temperatue and blood sugar
 * Tutorials **

Skoool's basic tutorial on the nervous system

s-cool has summaries on:
 * [|Control Systems]
 * [|Nervous System]
 * [|The Eye]
 * [|Hormonal System]
 * [|The Pancreas: Controlling Glucose]

BBC Bitesize has good reviews covering the nervous system, structure of the eye, accomodation and control in the human body (homeostasis). Remember to use your learning outcomes, be aware of what you need to learn and what is useful extra information.

Kscience animations to learn how the eye focuses (accomodation) and how the size of the iris changes to change the pupil size and how much light enters the eye. It also covers how impulses to the brain are generated.

A fun way to learn about nerve structure is to build your own neurone from Learn.Genetics

Video tutorials from [|C4B videos] and textbook sections addressing some outcomes

// N.B. due to syllabus changes the numbering and wording of some outcomes has changed since the videos were recorded. // 2.77 stimulus/organisms are able to respond to changes in their environment [|download] media type="custom" key="23691688"

2.78a Thermoregulation [|download] media type="custom" key="23691640"

2.78b Thermoregulation [|download] media type="custom" key="23691690"

2.78c Osmoregulation [|download] media type="custom" key="23691692"

2.79 Coordinated responses/control systems [|download] media type="custom" key="23691696"

2.83 R esponses can be controlled by nervous or by hormonal communication [|download] media type="custom" key="23691698"

> - Thermoregulation > - Osmoregulation > - create an outline drawing of a person ( to download a jpeg that you can use) > - label the gland responsible for creating the hormone > - label the target organs/tissues > - annotate the targets to describe briefly the effects > - now use this to create your own diagram > - label the diagram with the names of the different structures > - annotate the different structures to briefly indicate their function
 * Activity Ideas**
 * Research and find out the list of receptors than humans use to detect changes in their external and internal environments. For each give an example of how the receptor could be triggered [2.77].
 * Create a poster to summarise your knowledge of [2.78, 2.89]:
 * For the each hormone [2.90] you are required to be aware of (ADH, adrenaline, insulin, testosterone, progesterone and oestrogen):
 * In groups construct tables to compare the nervous control of the body with hormonal control [2.83]. As a class combine the examples to built a class table. As the class table to your notes.
 * Create 3D models of nerve cells to learn their structure, be imaginative with the material you use. Don't forget to label and annotate your models. The best models will be displayed. Make sure you take photos of models to add to your notes for reference.
 * A quick alternative to the last activity is the Neurone Structure worksheet
 * Watch the eye dissection. This online alternative includes an interactive diagram to help you learn the names and functions of different parts. Now test your learning to see if you can label the eye and secondly do you know the function of the different parts?
 * Accommodation is the name of the process used by the eye to change the focal distance. You also have to understand how the eye regulates the amount of light that is let in. Complete this summary worksheet and add it to your notes.


 * Practical Work**
 * Investigate human nervous reactions. Follow the instructions and answer the questions.

>
 * Summaries - knowledge checks**
 * Can you label a reflex arc? test your knowledge using the interactive [[file:reflex_arc_interactive_labelling.pps|PowerPoint Slideshow]]
 * Construct a reverseword, i.e. write the clues for these crossword answers
 * sample exam questions

Naked Science podcast on The Brain Uncovered
 * Interesting Extras**