4.3+Theoretical+genetics

4 Genetics - 4.1 Chromosomes, genes, alleles and mutations - 4.2 Meiosis - 4.3 Theoretical genetics - 4.4 Genetic engineering and biotechnology - Genetics Labs

4.3 Theoretical genetics

 * 4.3.1 || Define genotype, phenotype, dominant allele, recessive allele, codominant alleles, locus, homozygous, heterozygous, carrier and test cross. ||
 * 4.3.2 || Determine the genotypes and phenotypes of the offspring of a monohybrid cross using a Punnett grid. The grid should be labelled to include parental genotypes, gametes, and both offspring genotype and phenotype. ||
 * 4.3.3 || State that some genes have more than two alleles (multiple alleles). ||
 * 4.3.4 || Describe ABO blood groups as an example of codominance and multiple alleles. ||
 * 4.3.5 || Explain how the sex chromosomes control gender by referring to the inheritance of X and Y chromosomes in humans. ||
 * 4.3.6 || State that some genes are present on the X chromosome and absent from the shorter Y chromosome in humans. ||
 * 4.3.7 || Define sex linkage. ||
 * 4.3.8 || Describe the inheritance of colour blindness and hemophilia as examples of sex linkage. ||
 * 4.3.9 || State that a human female can be homozygous or heterozygous with respect to sex-linked genes. ||
 * 4.3.10 || Explain that female carriers are heterozygous for X-linked recessive alleles. ||
 * 4.3.11 || Predict the genotypic and phenotypic ratios of offspring of monohybrid crosses involving any of the above patterns of inheritance. ||
 * 4.3.12 || Deduce the genotypes and phenotypes of individuals in pedigree charts. ||

What things to people say about inheritance? What Saying do they come up with? Write the ones you know on the board. Discuss which ones you think make sense and why.
 * Starters**

Who was Gregor Mendel? This is a short introduction to him from Discovery Channel

A bit more time available? This 10 min video from SciShow is insightful and entertaining media type="custom" key="23840218"

Are you colour blind? Take the test to find out media type="custom" key="23840224"

Log in to the [|DCS Bridge] to obtain your workbooks and supporting resources
 * Workbooks and Worksheets **

An alternative set of notes from [|i-Biology] can be found here media type="custom" key="23840226"

Assessment statement 4.3.1. asks you to "d efine genotype, phenotype, dominant allele, recessive allele, codominant alleles, locus, homozygous, heterozygous, carrier and test cross". Use the BioK flashcards to help you learn these terms. The IB acceptable definitions can also be found in the subject guide. media type="custom" key="23840322"
 * Presentations and tutorials **

Steven Taylor ([|i-Biology]) has a great presentation to view and take notes from before starting your notebook media type="custom" key="23840236"

Bozeman Science introduces Mendelian genetics media type="custom" key="23840240"

The khan academy has a video tutorials on:
 * [|Introduction to Heredity]
 * [|Sex-Linked Traits]

[|Mendel and his pea experiments] are the foundation of modern theorectical genetics and this interactive tutorial is a good introduction.

[|ABO Blood Types] are explained well by the University of Utah. You do not need to know about Rh protein, but it may be of interest when trying to understand what your blood type means for you. [|Karl Landsteiner] was awarded the Nobel Prize for Physiology for his work on blood types.

[|ABO Blood types] are well explained by the Biology Project too.

You need to understand that [|sex linked genetic disorders] such as [|Haemophilia] and [|Colour Blindness] are example you need to understand.

The biology project has extensive tutorials on [|sex-linked traits]. The ones on colour blindness and haemophilia are particularly useful.

Not sure how to analyse pedigree charts? View this short presentation media type="custom" key="23840242"

Use [|click4biology] to review and complete your notes

> a. [|Inheritance of an X-linked recessive trait] > b. [|Inheritance pattern for Tay Sachs disease] > c. [|Interpreting a pedigree chart] > d. [|X-linked traits] > e. [|Sex determination in humans] > f. [|Predicting inheritance pattern from pedigree analysis] > g. [|Who is NOT the father of my grandson?]
 * Approach**
 * 1) View the i-Biology presentation
 * 2) Use [|The Biology Project] quizzes and tutorials to learn the principles behind monohybrid crosses
 * 3) Complete your workbook
 * 4) Use the questions and tutorials from the Biology Project to check your understanding. Try to answer the questions first then refer to the tutorials and supplement your notes as necessary (n.b. the relevant Qs are linked below):
 * 1) Mini tutorial sessions will be based on the workbook questions

More on Gregor Mendel - this biography video from Youtube is very interesting
 * Extras**