b)+Inheritance

Section 3- Reproduction and inheritance a) Reproduction (plants) - a) Reproduction - (humans) - b) Inheritance (chromosomes, genes and DNA) - b) Inheritance - (mono-hybrid crosses and sex determination) - b) Inheritance - (cell division and variation) - b) Inheritance - (evolution)


 * Starter**

3.13 understand that the nucleus of a cell contains chromosomes on which genes are located 3.14 understand that a gene is a section of a molecule of DNA and that a gene codes for a specific protein 3.15 describe a DNA molecule as two strands coiled to form a double helix, the strands being linked by a series of paired bases: adenine (A) with thymine (T), and cytosine (C) with guanine (G) 3.16 understand that genes exist in alternative forms called alleles which give rise to differences in inherited characteristics 3.17 understand the meaning of the terms: dominant, recessive, homozygous, heterozygous, phenotype, genotype and codominance 3.18 describe patterns of monohybrid inheritance using a genetic diagram 3.19 understand how to interpret family pedigrees 3.20 predict probabilities of outcomes from monohybrid crosses 3.21 understand that the sex of a person is controlled by one pair of chromosomes, XX in a female and XY in a male 3.22 describe the determination of the sex of offspring at fertilisation, using a genetic diagram 3.23 understand that division of a diploid cell by mitosis produces two cells which contain identical sets of chromosomes 3.24 understand that mitosis occurs during growth, repair, cloning and asexual reproduction 3.25 understand that division of a cell by meiosis produces four cells, each with half the number of chromosomes, and that this results in the formation of genetically different haploid gametes 3.26 understand that random fertilisation produces genetic variation of offspring 3.27 know that in human cells the diploid number of chromosomes is 46 and the haploid number is 23 3.28 understand that variation within a species can be genetic, environmental, or a combination of both 3.29 understand that mutation is a rare, random change in genetic material that can be inherited 3.30 describe the process of evolution by means of natural selection 3.31 understand that many mutations are harmful but some are neutral and a few are beneficial 3.32 understand that resistance to antibiotics can increase in bacterial populations, and appreciate how such an increase can lead to infections being difficult to control 3.33 understand that the incidence of mutations can be increased by exposure to ionising radiation (for example gamma rays, X-rays and ultraviolet rays) and some chemical mutagens (for example chemicals in tobacco).
 * Learning outcomes (s//tudents will be assessed on their ability to)//**


 * Approach**


 * Resources**
 * // Green book references: //**
 * **// p180-189 //**
 * //** p190-196 **//
 * //** p197-207 **//
 * //** p208-217 **//

These video tutorials from [|Click4Biology]address each learning outcome. It's recommended that you use them both as part of your learning and your revision. Download links are provided for those who have trouble accessing Youtube. //N.B. The numbering of some of the videos is out due to Edexel syllabus changes.//

3.13 Genes are located on chromosomes download media type="custom" key="21049594" 3.14 a gene is a section of a molecule of DNA download media type="custom" key="21049598" 3.15 DNA molecules and genetic information download media type="custom" key="21049602" 3.16 genes exist in alternative forms called alleles download media type="custom" key="21049612" 3.17a dominant, recessive, and phenotype download media type="custom" key="21049630" 3.17b homozygous, heterozygous, and genotype download media type="custom" key="21049640" 3.17c codominance download media type="custom" key="21049642"

3.18 describe patterns of monohybrid inheritance using a genetic diagram //P1 x P1 Cross// download media type="custom" key="21049648" //F1 x F1 Cross// download media type="custom" key="21049654" 3.19 understand how to interpret family pedigrees //how to read pedigree diagrams// download media type="custom" key="21049664" //dominant or recessive// download media type="custom" key="21049668" 3.20 predict probabilities of outcomes from monohybrid crosses pt1 download media type="custom" key="21049678" pt2 download media type="custom" key="21049680" 3.21 sex determination download media type="custom" key="21050322" 3.22 sex determination and probability download media type="custom" key="21050478" 3.23 mitosis pt 1 download media type="custom" key="21050348" pt 2 download media type="custom" key="21050350" pt 3 download media type="custom" key="21050354" 3.24 mitosis and it's uses download media type="custom" key="21050358" 3.25 meosis download media type="custom" key="21050376" 3.28 variation within a species download media type="custom" key="21050380" 3.29 mutations download media type="custom" key="21050382" 3.30 the process of evolution by means of natural selection download media type="custom" key="21050384" 3.31 mutations can be harmful, neutral or beneficial download media type="custom" key="21050388" 3.32 bacterial resistance to antibiotics download media type="custom" key="21050370" 3.33 causes of mutations download media type="custom" key="21050368"