b)+Cell+structure

Section 2- Structures and functions in living organisms a) Levels of organisation - b) Cell structure - c) Biological molecules - d) Movement of substances - e) Human Nutrition - e) Plant Nutrition - f) Respiration - g) Gas exchange (Humans) - g) Gas exchange (Plants) - h) Transport (Humans) - h) Transport (Plants) - i) Excretion - j) Coordination and response (Humans) - j) Coordination and response (Plants)

2b) Cell structure
2.2 describe cell structures, including the nucleus, cytoplasm, cell membrane, cell wall, chloroplast and vacuole 2.3 describe the functions of the nucleus, cytoplasm, cell membrane, cell wall, chloroplast and vacuole 2.4 compare the structures of hplant and animal cells.
 * Learning outcomes (s//tudents will be assessed on their ability to)//**

What are cells? What do they look like and how many does the human body possess? Watch the introduction to cells to find out media type="custom" key="27777617"
 * Starter**

What do you remember about cells from previous studies? Complete the drag and drop from Footprints Science

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 * Approach**
 * 1) Download the BioK outline for Cell structure.
 * 1) Use the tutorial links and notes below to help your understanding.
 * 1) Create your own notes using the guidance and then answer the questions as directed.

Pages 1 - 3
 * Greenbook (Edexcel IGCSE Biology) References **

A nice introduction on cells from curriculum bites media type="custom" key="27777599"
 * Video Tutorials **

These video tutorials from [|Click4Biology]address each learning outcome. It's recommended that you use them both as part of your learning and your revision. Download links are provided for those who have trouble accessing Youtube.

2.2 Recognising cell structures download media type="custom" key="23681178"

2.3 Describe the functions of the nucleus, cytoplasm, cell membrane, cell wall, chloroplast and vacuole download media type="custom" key="23681182"

2.4 Describe the differences between plant and animal cells download media type="custom" key="23681184"


 * Tutorials**

2.2 and 2.4 S-Cool.co.uk has a [|simple summary on cells] which is suitable for an introduction before looking at other links or for revision later on.

Use these KScience animations to practise labelling [|animal] and [|plant] cells - you should be able to both draw your own generalised plant and animal cells and also label examples given to you.

2.3 Biotopics has useful tutorials on both [|animal] and [|plant] cells (n.b. you don't need to know about ribosomes - skip that part)

2.2-2.4 Take your learning a step further by looking at not just generalised cells, but specialised cells, their structure and functions using this presentation from clickbiology.

Test your learning of cells and cell structure using this multi-choice quiz from clickbiology.

You should know that when different genes are expressed this causes cells to differentiate as they growth. Differentiated/Specialised cells vary greatly in their shape, which then dictates their function. How familiar are you with the common types of specialised animal cells? Can you comfortably answer the quiz questions below? If not refer to the presentation (above) for help.
 * Extension - Specialised Cells**
 * 1) Name 6 specialised animal cells.
 * 2) What is the function of a sperm cell?
 * 3) Name 2 ways which a sperm cell has become adapted.
 * 4) In which organ are egg cells found?
 * 5) How are sperm and egg cells similar?
 * 6) List 3 ways in which red blood cells are adapted to carry lots of oxygen.
 * 7) In which organ system are red blood cells found?
 * 8) What is the function of a goblet cell?
 * 9) How does this function help protect the body?
 * 10) In which system would you find nerve cells?
 * 11) What coats the axon of a nerve cell.
 * 12) Why do nerve cells have branching heads and nerve endings?
 * 13) What is the function of a muscle cell?
 * 14) What do muscle cells contain that allows them to change their shape?
 * 15) Why do muscle cells contain many mitochondria?

//n.b. though this knowledge does not directly reflect the outcomes stated above. It does provide you with a good understanding to help in your approach to future topics.//


 * Useful links**