h)+Transport+(Plants)

Section 2- Structures and functions in living organisms a) Levels of organisation - b) Cell structure - c) Biological molecules - d) Movement of substances - e) Human Nutrition- e) Plant Nutrition - f) Respiration - g) Gas exchange (Humans) - g) Gas exchange (Plants) - h) Transport (Humans) - h) Transport (Plants) - i) Excretion - j) Coordination and response (Humans) - j) Coordination and response (Plants)

2h) Transport (Plants)
The transpiration pull, i.e. the loss of water from leaves causes the mass flow of water up the xylem from the roots. What process occur where in the leaf to cause this pull? Use the Kscience animation to find out media type="file" key="transpiration_pull.swf" width="640" height="480"
 * Starter**

2.49 understand why simple, unicellular organisms can rely on diffusion for movement of substances in and out of the cell 2.50 understand the need for a transport system in multicellular organisms
 * Learning outcomes (s//tudents will be assessed on their ability to)//**

2.51 describe the role of phloem in transporting sucrose and amino acids between the leaves and other parts of the plant 2.52 describe the role of xylem in transporting water and mineral salts from the roots to other parts of the plant 2.53 explain how water is absorbed by root hair cells 2.54 understand that transpiration is the evaporation of water from the surface of a plant 2.55 explain how the rate of transpiration is affected by changes in humidity, wind speed, temperature and light intensity 2.56 describe experiments to investigate the role of environmental factors in determining the rate of transpiration from a leafy shoot

Download the BioK note outline below to help you build notes for this topic. Complete the activities and labs as directed. Complete the summary questions as directed. media type="custom" key="25672176"
 * Approach**

You may want to start by reviewing [|plant structure (s-cool)] before learning about plant transport.
 * Tutorials**

A [|good video tutorial from skoool.co.uk] covering all the aspects of plant transport you need to understand. Hold your cursor over the numbers on the right to quickly access the sub-topic you want to review.

This very good animation from SAPS about plant physiology and transport does not have narration, but can be used as an activity, students can add their own voice over.

Video tutorials from [|C4B videos] and textbook sections addressing each outcome 2.51 Phloem [|download] media type="custom" key="23691652"

2.52 Xylem [|download] media type="custom" key="23691678"

2.53 Uptake of water [|download] media type="custom" key="23691682"

2.54 Transpiration [|download] media type="custom" key="23691702"

2.55 Rate of transpiration [|download] media type="custom" key="27838559"

> > > > //Water enters the root hair ……………… by a process called ……………………….. This is the movement of water from where it is at a ………………. concentration to where it is at a low …………………….// > > > > > //Minerals enter the root ……………… cell by ……………………… ………………………. This process requires …………………… as the minerals move ………………… against a concentration…………………………. So the minerals move from where they are at a low concentration in the ………………… to where they are already at a high ………………………………… in the root ……………… cell.// > ||   ||   || ||   ||   || ||   ||   || ||   ||   || ||   ||   ||
 * Classwork**
 * 1) What is transpiration? Review the learning outcome and discuss
 * 1) How does water move through the xylem from the roots to the leaves? Look at how the siphon works and discuss
 * 1) How does water move into the root hairs, from the root hairs to successive cells and into structure W? What is the name of W? How is the concentration gradient maintained? Think about what you have learnt and discussed in the last two points.
 * 1) What about the minerals in the soil?
 * 1) Now you have a basic understanding of transpiration, how do you think the different factors affect transpiration? Complete the following table (with text books closed) in small groups then review as a class and find out if your answers could be improved.
 * Environmental condition ||  Slows down or speeds up transpiration rate?  ||  Reason for the affect on transpiration  ||
 * High temperature
 * High humidity
 * Not much wind
 * High light intensity
 * Lack of water in the plant


 * Practical work**

Transpiration - design your own investigation
 * 1) Decide upon which factor affecting transpiration you will investigate.
 * 2) How will you measure the rate of transpiration? There are many different ways to do this
 * 3) Write up a brief plan and check it with you teacher
 * 4) Carry out your lab and write it up as a formal lab report

[|Transpiration virtual lab] from Mcgraw and Hill - this makes the process of collecting data fast and easy if equipment is limited. //N.B. There's a bug in this simulation - always start with no additional factors, e.g. no light, when changing plants.//

This transpiration lab from Classzone is good to develop understanding as the equipment and method must be reviewed before use.


 * Useful links**